Constipation is one of many early signs of bowel cancer but is also caused by many other digestive issues. In most cases, constipation isn’t a serious or long-term problem for most adults. 

Constipation is defined by infrequent and often uncomfortable bowel movements fewer than three times per week. Every person is different, which makes diagnosing constipation difficult; many adults have three bowel movements per week and are perfectly healthy. As a result, most medical experts use changes in bowel movement frequency, texture, or pain levels to diagnose constipation. 

What Causes Constipation?

At its most basic definition, constipation is primarily the result of the colon removing too much water from the intestinal tract. When the colon moves stool too slowly, it tends to absorb too much water from waste, contributing to hard, dry stool, which is difficult to pass. 

Some of the most common causes of constipation are:

  • Medications (including cancer treatments)
  • Dehydration
  • Not enough liquids
  • Not enough fiber
  • Digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome
  • Changes in lifestyle or health, including pregnancy

Does constipation cause cancer?

Some studies link chronic constipation with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, though more research is needed. Crucially, researchers need to further delineate constipation as a cause of cancer from constipation as a symptom of unrelated tumor development. Additionally, abdominal pain from constipation related to short-term or chronic digestive problems like IBS makes establishing a causal link between constipation and early signs of bowel cancer; there are too many variables to neatly account for across the wider population. 

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Constipation in Cancer Patients: A Painful Side Effect

Unfortunately, many types of cancer treatments and medications contribute to constipation. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, pain medications, or struggling to take in enough water are at a higher risk of chronic constipation. With cancer patients juggling multiple treatments and substantial lifestyle changes, it’s often difficult to treat the causes of abdominal pain and cancer without taking over-the-counter or prescription medications. 

Individuals with acute or chronic constipation and cancer patients can address symptoms in several ways. Work with your healthcare provider to see which lifestyle changes could impact your digestive health most. 

  • Eat high-fiber food. Include multigrain foods, bran cereals, and plenty of fibrous vegetables in your diet. Increase your fiber gradually to avoid gas or trouble digesting too many grams too quickly. 
  • Drink plenty of water. You should drink at least 8 cups of water per day, but depending on your activity level, medications, and other factors, you may need more. 
  • Stay active. Physical activity supports better digestion, stimulates metabolism, and enhances overall health and wellness. Whether you do chair-based exercises or long, vigorous walks, make time for 15-30 minutes of exercise every day. 
  • Know your medicines. Ask your doctor how your prescriptions and treatments impact your digestive health. If you’re experiencing problems, start by recording your bowel movements and sharing those notes with your doctor. In some cases, your doctor may be able to find an alternative medication that may reduce symptoms. 

Remember, any changes to the frequency or texture of your bowel movements could signal a health issue of some kind. Note these changes to your doctor and advocate for further evaluation whenever you experience pain or discomfort. 

Prevent Is the Future

Constipation is one of many potential signs and symptoms of bowel cancer, but it’s usually not a serious health condition. Just as lifestyle changes can prevent constipation, many of those same proactive efforts reduce your cancer risk; stay active, eat healthily, and encourage friends and family members to join you in these life-saving efforts. Do your part to make prevention a priority; consider making a donation to Less Cancer today!